When you visit McLeod Ganj, Tibet is everywhere: Tibetan faces in the street, Tibetan food in the restaurants, Tibetan prayer flags on the houses. Monks in red robes and pictures of the Dalai Lama are omnipresent. You are also bound to run into someone with a "Free Tibet" T-shirt or a "Stand with Tibet" patch on their backpack and some walls are plastered with posters about daily documentary movie screenings or talks.
We saw an advertisement for a talk titled "Does Tibet Belong to World Heritage?" on the first day we were here and went to the Tibetan museum to see it. The talk was good and unsettling, but what made it really special was the last statement that came from a man in the audience. He was Tibetan, but had fled his home over 20 years ago and was now living in Australia. He had recently been back to Tibet for the first time and the emotional intensity with which he reported about the environmental destruction of the place where he grew up swept me away.
Since that first day I wanted to write a blog post about Tibet but the more I learned the less I knew where to start and what to include. Then, after one week, I met the Tibetan from the first day again and we had a tea together and talked for about an hour. I was moved by his story that included so many things I had read and learned about and maybe, by me sharing parts of it, you will feel a little connected to him and Tibet as well.
His name is Kunchok. He has long hair, put together in a ponytail, an earing and this gentle smile that you can see on so many Tibetan faces. His eyes glow with passion when he is talking about his life, his country, his people or when he is hugging his daughters. Maybe they are just glowing all the time. His voice is intense yet calm and behind every trace of sadness that crossed his face while we were talking there was still appreciation and contentment.
The year of birth in his passport is 1971, which he says should be about right. He grew up in a nomadic family in Tibet as the oldest of six children. The family was part of a community of around 1000 people that moved around in tents for most parts of the year, only settling down in houses for the winters. Life was hard and simple but rooted in old traditions and happy for most people. When he was a teenager, he joined a monastery as many Tibetans do. Then he fled. When I asked him why, he replied: "I could not live like that any longer. The Chinese always look down on you. You notice it everywhere. When I had vacation from the monastery, I would go home by bus. I had the same ticket as the Chinese but still they would make an extra line for the Tibetans and we were only allowed to board last. Then there were no more seats and we had to stand for hours and the Chinese would look down on us and hold their noses and say that we smell. We were not treated like human beings and I could not live like that."
He fled through the Himalayas to Nepal in autumn. The weather was still not too bad, but frozen corpses along the way reminded him of the natural hazards of the journey. For a week, all they ate was barley flour mixed with water and butter. When they had to cross a river, there was no time to dry the clothes afterwards. "But", he told me, "the hardships of this journey have left me with an appreciation for life that I would not want to miss."
After Nepal, he came to McLeod Ganj and joined a monastery here. He stayed for around ten years, but then the health of his parents got worse and he felt obliged to return to Tibet. He went with a friend from his village who had also fled Tibet and together they went to Nepal. There he received a call from his uncle telling him that there was no use for him to go back. He would simply be imprisoned, like his two brothers, and bring even more suffering to his parents. So he stayed. His friend went on to Tibet and was shot by the Chinese at the border.
He had two brothers and three sisters. One of the sisters died when she was very young. The other one became a Buddhist nun. In the early 1990s she decided to prostrate from Eastern Tibet to Lhasa, the capital. Prostrations are a form of showing devotion by bowing and prostrating means to bow and stretch out on the floor every three steps you take. It took her over a year to arrive in Lhasa and shortly afterwards, the family lost contact with her. It wasn't until ten years later that they heard what happened: She had participated in a demonstration, maybe calling for His Holiness the Dalai Lama to return to Tibet, and had been imprisoned by the Chinese. In prison, she was tortured and eventually died. The family came to know about this only after another nun had been released from prison.
Now Kunchok has an Australian passport and is married to an Australian woman. At the moment they are living here for two years, so that his wife and two daughters can learn more about the Tibetan culture and practice the language. He told me about the many Chinese that are living in Australia and how they sometimes look at him very angrily - especially when he is wearing a shirt with a Tibetan flag. "And then I wonder sometimes, whether I've got it wrong. Did I invade their country and kill their people? But no, they came, invaded our country, killed our people and now they are angry with me."
He is not angry with them. He stressed multiple times that Tibetans do not have a problem with the Chinese. They are aware that many Chinese are facing severe problems, just like the Tibetans, in their own country. And that the rest of them undergoes an education that is strictly controlled. The problem of the Tibetans is with the Chinese government. And even with them, they try to not be angry.
I asked about the Tibetan smile. How it can be that a community that has undergone so much suffering over decades can still have this inner peace. He said that it is because of the Dalai Lama. It is because they have a wise leader, whom they are deeply devoted to and whose words they try to follow. And this leader does not get tired of repeating again and again, that non-violence and compassion are the key; that anger does not accomplish anything; that all people are equal. At this point Kunchok's friend, who was sitting at the table with us, jumped in: "The Chinese think that once the Dalai Lama passes away, dealing with Tibet will be much easier. But they have it all wrong. Tibet is a volcano and the Dalai Lama is preventing it from breaking out. There are lots of people who set themselves on fire in protest. Without the Dalai Lama, some of them may use a bomb instead."
As we were wrapping up Kunchok concluded: "Some people say that Tibet was always independent and that China has no right to occupy it. That may be, that may not be. I don't know. It was before my time. I'm just telling my personal story. And what the Chinese government is doing in this moment is not right. They are violating human rights, trying to assimilate our culture and destroying the land."
Some further facts:
Good documentaries / movies:
- The Sun behind the Clouds
- Undercover in Tibet
- For an easy introduction: 7 years in Tibet - with Brad Pitt!